Uzbekistan's Geographic Location and other useful information

General Information on Uzbekistan
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Map Location 41 00 N, 64 00 E - Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Flag Description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and twelve stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant

Total area 447,400 sq km

Land area 425,400 sq km

Land boundaries 6,221 km

Border countries Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km and the Aral Sea (420 km)

Climate mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east

Terrain mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west

Lowest point Saryqamish Kuli -12 m

Highest point Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m

Natural resources natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum

Land use:
arable land
10%

permanent crops 1%

meadows and pastures 47%

forest and woodland 0%

other 42%

Irrigated land 41,550 sq km (1990)

Environment current issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT

Geographic note landlocked

Population 23,769,000 (March 1998 est.)

Age structure:
0-14 years
40% (male 4,732,585; female 4,618,503)

15-64 years 55% (male 6,441,052; female 6,540,479)
65 years and over 5% (male 416,571; female 669,191) (July 1996 est.)

Population growth rate 1.87% (1996 est.)

Birth rate 29.86 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Death rate 8.02 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Net migration rate -3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)

Sex ratio:
at birth
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years 1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years 0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over 0.62 male(s)/female

all ages 0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)

Infant mortality rate 79.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:
total population
64.6 years

male 60.44 years

female 68.97 years (1996 est.)

Total fertility rate 3.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)

Ethnic divisions Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazak 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak 2.1%, other 7%

Religions Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%

Languages Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%

Literacy:
All
97%

male 98%

female 96%
age 15 and over can read and write (1989 est.)

Economy

GDP (April, 1999)

1,791,440 billion soum (GOU official data)

GDP growth rate (1999) 4.4% (GOU official data)
Average inflation rate (1999) 29% (GOU official data)
Unemployment (1999) 0.5% (GOU official data)
Gross reserves (excl. gold) (1999) $200 million ($200 million)
Average exchange rate (1999) 125 soum per $1 (94.8 soum per $1)
External debt (1999) $3.1 billion ($2.8 billion)
Foreign market share of Uzbekistan's imports Russia dominates market share with approximately 20 percent of total trade turnover with Uzbekistan

Outside of the NIS, leading trading partners are 1) South Korea, with a total of 15 percent share
2) Germany, with a 10 percent share
3) Turkey, with approximately 6 percent of total imports

Exports $2.5 billion ($3.0 billion) (IMF)

Imports $2.5 billion ($3.2 billion) (IMF)

External debt $3.8 billion (IMF)

Total foreign investment in Uzbekistan (1999) $240 million ($297.8 million)

Name of country:
conventional long form
Republic of Uzbekistan

Type of government republic

Capital Tashkent

Administrative divisions 12 oblasts, one autonomous republic and one city; Andijon oblast (capital: Andijon) - 2,116,000 people, Bukhoro oblast (Bukhoro) - 1,379,000, Jizzakh oblast (Jizzakh) - 924,000, Ferghana oblast (Ferghana) - 2,584,000, Karakalpakstan autonomous republic (Nukus) - 1,456,000, Kashkadarya oblast (Qarshi) - 2,067,000, Khorezm oblast (Urganch) - 1,272,000, Namanghan oblast (Namanghan) - 1,858,000, Navoi oblast (Navoi) - 769,000, Samarkand oblast (Samarkand) - 2,585,000, Sirdaryo oblast (Guliston) - 650,000, Surkhandarya oblast (Termiz) - 1,660,000, Tashkent city - 2,138,000, Tashkent oblast (Tashkent) - 2,311,000

Independence 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Constitution New constitution adopted 8 December 1992

Presidential elections 24 December 1990 (opponent Mukhammad Solikh) and 9 January, 2000 (opponent Abdulkhafiz Jalolov).
26 March 1995 referendum extended Islam Karimov's term until 2000.
January 9, 2000 elections brought a victory with over 90% of the votes over PDP leader A. Jalolov.
February 27, 2002 national referendum extended a presidential term from five to seven years. Next presidential elections - December, 2007.

Legislative branch With February 27, 2002 national referendum a bicameral parliament was introduced.

Supreme Assembly (Oliy Majlis)

Parliamentary elections 25 December 1994, December 1999. December 26, 2004 and January 9, 2005 (run-off) elections to the Legislative House of Oliy Majlis were held.

Law-makers in the Legislative House Liberal-Democratic Party - 41 seats
People's Democratic Party - 28 seats (48 seats in the previous parliament)
"Fidokorlar" National Democratic Party - 18 seats (54)
"Adolat" (Justice) Social Democratic Party - 10 seats (11)
"Milliy Tiklanish" (National Revival) - 11 seats (10)
Independent deputies - 14 seats
("Fidokorlar" merged with "Vatan Taraqqiyoti" (Homeland Progress) in June, 2000)
List of committee heads

Judicial branch Supreme Court, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly

Cabinet Some members of the Cabinet of Ministers (including a prime-minister) is appointed by the president with an approval from the Parliament

International organization participation AsDB (August 31, 1995), CCC, CIS (1991), EBRD (April 27, 1992), ECE (April 5, 1995), ECO (November, 1992), ESCAP, EAPC (March 10, 1992), IAEA, IBRD (September 21, 1992), ICAO (November 12, 1992), IDA (September 21, 1992), IEB (June 3, 1997), IFC (September 21, 1992), IFRCS (January 21, 1993), ILO (July 13, 1992), IMF (September 21, 1992), Intelsat (May 7, 1997), Interpol (September 28, 1994), IOC (March 23, 1992), ISO (January, 1994), ITU, NACC, NAM (September 1, 1992), OIC (October 2, 1996), OSCE (February 26, 1992), PFP, UN (March 2, 1992), UNCTAD (1992), UNESCO (October 26, 1993), UNIDO (April, 1994), UNDCP (August, 1993), UNICEF (April 20, 1994), UPU, WHO, WIPO (November 25, 1991), WMO (January 23, 1993), WPU (April, 1992), WToO (October 4, 1993), WCO (July 28, 1992), WTrO (applicant), WIPO, GUUAM (withdrew in June of 2002)

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Map Location	41 00 N, 64 00 E - Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Flag Description	three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a crescent moon and twelve stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant
Total area	447,400 sq km
Land area	425,400 sq km
Land boundaries	6,221 km
Border countries	Afghanistan 137 km, Kazakstan 2,203 km, Kyrgyzstan 1,099 km, Tajikistan 1,161 km, Turkmenistan 1,621 km and the Aral Sea (420 km)
Climate	mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Terrain	mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya and Sirdaryo; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Lowest point	Saryqamish Kuli -12 m
Highest point	Adelunga Toghi 4,301 m
Natural resources	natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum
Land use: arable land	10%
permanent crops	1%
meadows and pastures	47%
forest and woodland	0%
other	42%
Irrigated land	41,550 sq km (1990)
Environment	current issues: drying up of the Aral Sea is resulting in growing concentrations of chemical pesticides and natural salts; these substances are then blown from the increasingly exposed lake bed and contribute to desertification; water pollution from industrial wastes and the heavy use of fertilizers and pesticides is the cause of many human health disorders; increasing soil salinization; soil contamination from agricultural chemicals, including DDT
Geographic note	landlocked
Population	23,769,000 (March 1998 est.)
Age structure: 0-14 years	40% (male 4,732,585; female 4,618,503)
15-64 years	55% (male 6,441,052; female 6,540,479)
65 years and over	5% (male 416,571; female 669,191) (July 1996 est.)
Population growth rate	1.87% (1996 est.)
Birth rate	29.86 births/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Death rate	8.02 deaths/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Net migration rate	-3.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1996 est.)
Sex ratio: at birth	1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years	1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years	0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over	0.62 male(s)/female
all ages	0.98 male(s)/female (1996 est.)
Infant mortality rate	79.6 deaths/1,000 live births (1996 est.)
Life expectancy at birth: total population	64.6 years
male	60.44 years
female	68.97 years (1996 est.)
Total fertility rate	3.69 children born/woman (1996 est.)
Ethnic divisions	Uzbek 71.4%, Russian 8.3%, Tajik 4.7%, Kazak 4.1%, Tatar 2.4%, Karakalpak 2.1%, other 7%
Religions	Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Languages	Uzbek 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1%
Literacy: All	97%
male	98%
female	96%
age 15 and over	can read and write (1989 est.)
Economy GDP (April, 1999)	1,791,440 billion soum (GOU official data)
GDP growth rate (1999)	4.4% (GOU official data)
Average inflation rate (1999)	29% (GOU official data)
Unemployment (1999)	0.5% (GOU official data)
Gross reserves (excl. gold) (1999)	$200 million ($200 million)
Average exchange rate (1999)	125 soum per $1 (94.8 soum per $1)
External debt (1999)	$3.1 billion ($2.8 billion)
Foreign market share of Uzbekistan's imports	Russia dominates market share with approximately 20 percent of total trade turnover with Uzbekistan
Outside of the NIS, leading trading partners are	1) South Korea, with a total of 15 percent share 2) Germany, with a 10 percent share 3) Turkey, with approximately 6 percent of total imports
Exports	$2.5 billion ($3.0 billion) (IMF)
Imports	$2.5 billion ($3.2 billion) (IMF)
External debt	$3.8 billion (IMF)
Total foreign investment in Uzbekistan (1999)	$240 million ($297.8 million)
Name of country: conventional long form	Republic of Uzbekistan
Type of government	republic
Capital	Tashkent
Administrative divisions	12 oblasts, one autonomous republic and one city; Andijon oblast (capital: Andijon) - 2,116,000 people, Bukhoro oblast (Bukhoro) - 1,379,000, Jizzakh oblast (Jizzakh) - 924,000, Ferghana oblast (Ferghana) - 2,584,000, Karakalpakstan autonomous republic (Nukus) - 1,456,000, Kashkadarya oblast (Qarshi) - 2,067,000, Khorezm oblast (Urganch) - 1,272,000, Namanghan oblast (Namanghan) - 1,858,000, Navoi oblast (Navoi) - 769,000, Samarkand oblast (Samarkand) - 2,585,000, Sirdaryo oblast (Guliston) - 650,000, Surkhandarya oblast (Termiz) - 1,660,000, Tashkent city - 2,138,000, Tashkent oblast (Tashkent) - 2,311,000
Independence	31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution	New constitution adopted 8 December 1992
Presidential elections	24 December 1990 (opponent Mukhammad Solikh) and 9 January, 2000 (opponent Abdulkhafiz Jalolov). 26 March 1995 referendum extended Islam Karimov's term until 2000. January 9, 2000 elections brought a victory with over 90% of the votes over PDP leader A. Jalolov. February 27, 2002 national referendum extended a presidential term from five to seven years. Next presidential elections - December, 2007.
Legislative branch	With February 27, 2002 national referendum a bicameral parliament was introduced.
Supreme Assembly	(Oliy Majlis)
Parliamentary elections	25 December 1994, December 1999. December 26, 2004 and January 9, 2005 (run-off) elections to the Legislative House of Oliy Majlis were held.
Law-makers in the Legislative House	Liberal-Democratic Party - 41 seats People's Democratic Party - 28 seats (48 seats in the previous parliament) "Fidokorlar" National Democratic Party - 18 seats (54) "Adolat" (Justice) Social Democratic Party - 10 seats (11) "Milliy Tiklanish" (National Revival) - 11 seats (10) Independent deputies - 14 seats ("Fidokorlar" merged with "Vatan Taraqqiyoti" (Homeland Progress) in June, 2000) List of committee heads
Judicial branch	Supreme Court, judges are nominated by the president and confirmed by the Supreme Assembly
Cabinet	Some members of the Cabinet of Ministers (including a prime-minister) is appointed by the president with an approval from the Parliament
International organization participation	AsDB (August 31, 1995), CCC, CIS (1991), EBRD (April 27, 1992), ECE (April 5, 1995), ECO (November, 1992), ESCAP, EAPC (March 10, 1992), IAEA, IBRD (September 21, 1992), ICAO (November 12, 1992), IDA (September 21, 1992), IEB (June 3, 1997), IFC (September 21, 1992), IFRCS (January 21, 1993), ILO (July 13, 1992), IMF (September 21, 1992), Intelsat (May 7, 1997), Interpol (September 28, 1994), IOC (March 23, 1992), ISO (January, 1994), ITU, NACC, NAM (September 1, 1992), OIC (October 2, 1996), OSCE (February 26, 1992), PFP, UN (March 2, 1992), UNCTAD (1992), UNESCO (October 26, 1993), UNIDO (April, 1994), UNDCP (August, 1993), UNICEF (April 20, 1994), UPU, WHO, WIPO (November 25, 1991), WMO (January 23, 1993), WPU (April, 1992), WToO (October 4, 1993), WCO (July 28, 1992), WTrO (applicant), WIPO, GUUAM (withdrew in June of 2002)